Mumakore achangopfuura, zvigadzirwa zve polyurethane zvave kufarirwa zvakanyanya, zvakaita semapaneru ekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora akagadzirwa neHarbin Dong'an Building Sheets muChina, ayo akagadzirwa nezvinhu zve polyurethane.
Kazhinji, polyurethane inogona kukamurwa kuita thermosetting ne thermoplastic, uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita mapurasitiki e polyurethane (kunyanya mapurasitiki efoam), polyurethane fibers (spandex), uye polyurethane elastomers. Zvinhu zvakawanda zve polyurethane zvinonzi thermosetting, zvakaita semafuro e polyurethane akapfava, akaomarara uye akapfava.
Kudzokorodza kwepolyurethane kunowanzoshandisa nzira dzekudzokorodza dzemuviri, sezvo nzira iyi ichishanda zvakanaka uye isingadhuri. Zvikuru, inogona kukamurwa kuita nzira nhatu dzekudzokorodza:
Iyi nzira ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirazve zvinhu. Foam yepolyurethane yakapfava inopwanywa kuita zvidimbu zvemasendimita akati wandei negrinder, uye reactive polyurethane adhesive inopfapfaidzwa mumusanganiswa. Adhesive inoshandiswa inowanzo kuve polyurethane foam combination kana NCO terminated prepolymer yakavakirwa pa polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Paunoshandisa PAPI based adhesives pakubatanidza nekuumba, musanganiswa wemhepo unogona zvakare kuiswa. Mukuita bonding waste polyurethane, wedzera 90% waste polyurethane uye 10% adhesive, sanganisa zvakaenzana, kana kuwedzera mamwe madhayi, wobva wadzvanya musanganiswa wacho.
Tekinoroji yekugadzira bonding haina kungova nekuchinjika kukuru chete, asiwo ine kusiyana kukuru muhunhu hwemuchina wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Nzira yakabudirira zvikuru yekudzokorodza zvigadzirwa zve polyurethane ndeyekugadzira furo repolyurethane rakadzokororwa ne bonding waste foam senge soft foam residues, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa se carpet backing, sports mat, sound insulation materials nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Zvidimbu zvefuro rakapfava uye zvinonamatira zvinogona kuumbwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakaita se car bottom pads pane imwe tembiricha uye pressure; Nekushandisa pressure netembiricha yakakwira, zvikamu zvakaoma zvakaita se pombi housings zvinogona kuumbwa.
Rigid polyurethane foam uye reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer inogonawo kudzokororwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Kusanganisa marara ne isocyanate prepolymers kuti igadzire hot pressing, senge kugadzira mapaipi emabhureki ekushandisa mapipe heating systems. | 2、Kupisa kudzvanya kuumbwa Foam yepolyurethane yakapfava yethermosetting uye zvigadzirwa zveRIM polyurethane zvine hunhu hwekunyorovesa kupisa uye purasitiki muhurefu hwe100-200 ℃. Kana tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, marara epolyurethane anogona kubatanidzwa pasina kushandisa manamati. Kuti zvigadzirwa zvakadzokororwa zviite zvakafanana, zvinowanzo dikanwa kupwanya marara wozoapisa woadzvanya kuti aite chimiro chawo.
Mamiriro ekuumbwa kwechinhu ichi anoenderana nerudzi rwemarara epolyurethane uye chigadzirwa chakadzokororwa. Semuenzaniso, marara epolyurethane soft foam anogona kudzvanywa achipisa kwemaminitsi akati wandei nekumanikidzwa kwe1-30MPa uye tembiricha ye100-220 ° C kuti agadzire zvinhu zvinoderedza kuvhunduka, zvinodzivirira matope, nezvimwe zvinhu.
Nzira iyi yakashandiswa zvinobudirira pakushandisa zvakare zvikamu zvemotokari zveRIM type polyurethane. Semuenzaniso, mapaneru emasuo emota nemapaneru emidziyo zvinogona kugadzirwa neupfu hweRIM polyurethane hunosvika 6% uye fiberglass 15%. | 3、Inoshandiswa sekuzadza Furo rakapfava repolyurethane rinogona kushandurwa kuita zvidimbu zvitete nekupwanya kana kukuya zvine tembiricha yakaderera, uye kupararira kwezvidimbu zvakadaro kunowedzerwa kumapolyol ekugadzira furo repolyurethane kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa, izvo zvisingangodzore marara epolyurethane chete, asiwo zvinoderedza mutengo wechigadzirwa. Hupfu hwakapwanyika mufuro repolyurethane rakagadziriswa neMDI hunogumira pa15%, uye 25% yehupfu hwakapwanyika hunogona kuwedzerwa mufuro reTDI rakagadziriswa nekupisa zvakanyanya.
Imwe nzira ndeyekuwedzera marara efoam akachekwa kare mupolyether polyol ine furo rakapfava, wozoanyorovesa muchigayo chakakodzera kuti ugadzire musanganiswa we "polyol yakadzokororwa" une zvidimbu zvidiki zvekugadzira furo rakapfava.
Marara eRIM polyurethane anogona kupwanywa kuita upfu, kusanganiswa nezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, uye obva agadzirwa kuita RIM elastomers. Mushure mekunge marara e polyurethane rigid foam ne polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam apwanywa, anogona zvakare kushandiswa kuwedzera 5% yezvinhu zvakadzokororwa musanganiswa wacho kuti agadzire furo rakaomarara. |
Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira itsva yekudzoreredza makemikari yakabuda
Chikwata cheYunivhesiti yeIllinois chinotungamirwa naPurofesa Steven Zimmerman chakagadzira nzira yekuoresa marara epolyurethane nekuashandura kuita zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinobatsira.
Mudzidzi wepashure pekudzidza Ephraim Morado anotarisira kushandisazve mapolymers kuburikidza nenzira dzemakemikari kugadzirisa dambudziko remarara epolyurethane. Zvisinei, polyurethane ine kugadzikana kwakanyanya uye inogadzirwa nezvinhu zviviri zvakaoma kuora: isocyanates nepolyols.
Mapolyol ndiwo anokonzera dambudziko iri, sezvo achibviswa mupetroleum uye haakurumidzi kuora. Kuti vadzivise dambudziko iri, timu yekutsvagisa yakashandisa acetal, makemikari anogona kuora uye anonyungudika mumvura. Zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinoumbwa nekunyungudutsa mapolymers ne trichloroacetic acid ne dichloromethane patembiricha yemumba zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Seuchapupu hwepfungwa iyi, Morado inogona kushandura ma elastomers anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupakata uye zvikamu zvemotokari kuita manamati.
Zvisinei, dambudziko guru renzira iyi itsva yekudzokorodza zvinhu ndeyemutengo uye chepfu yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuita izvi. Nokudaro, vaongorori vari kuedza kutsvaga nzira iri nani uye yakachipa yekuwana nzira imwechete nekushandisa zvinonyungudutsa zvinyoro nyoro zvakaita sevhiniga kuti zviparadzwe.
Mune ramangwana, chivakwa cheHarbin Dong'anpepas kambanivachateverawo zvakanyanya hunyanzvi hweindasitiri uye vacharamba vachiisa mari muhunyanzvi hwetekinoroji nehunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza nharaunda, vachiramba vachigadzira zvinhu zvitsva kuti mapaneru eDong'an epolyurethane ave neushamwari uye ane hutano. Tinotendawo kuti pachava nehunyanzvi hutsva hwekuchengetedza nharaunda huchatanga mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-09-2023